Oxford University Press Text Capture Instructions

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        <div1 id="oso-9780195054927-div1-27" role="prelim"><p>The term communication refers to a variety of behaviors, including the interactions of
            living organisms with inanimate objects such as computers. The term is used here in a
            narrower sense, to refer to the behaviors by which one member of a species conveys
            information to another member of the species; the focus will be on human communication
            systems, though within a comparative/evolutionary framework.</p><p>One consequence of this approach is the expectation that movements generated during
            peaking will be controlled by neural systems separate from those involved in nonspeech
            functions. That is, linguistic movements are assumed to be generated by a special system
            in the brain, and nonlinguistic movements of the same musculature are not expected to be
            affected in aphasic disorders.</p>
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   <p>Communication in the great apes</p>
 </title></titleGroup><p>Continuity of modern human communication systems with those of other primate species,
            as well as with early hominids, will be assumed.</p><p>A list compiled by Hockett (<xref ref="oso-9780195054927-bibItem-111">1960</xref>) of
            the characteristics of animal communication systems still serves as a useful framework
            for discussion. Human language is said to have a number of characteristics which are
            only partly, or not at all, shared by nonhuman communication systems.</p><p>Since human communication typically employs the vocal musculature, it seemed natural
            for scientists interested in studying nonhuman primates to focus on their ability to use
            speech.</p><p>This anthropomorphic approach was sometimes carried to extremes, such as the case in
            which a chimpanzee was reared in a human family with a child. Many, as it turns out,
            fruitless hours were spent attempting to teach the unfortunate chimp human speech
            sounds.</p>
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