Use of Ibid. and Id. in notes and reference lists

Ibid. or Id. may be used in footnotes and reference lists to reduce duplication of text in the print version where there are repeated citations to the same source document.

Typecodes used for Ibid. and Id.

IBT	Part of the citation that should replace Ibid. or Id.

This topic is only relevant to the capture of Ibid and Id. within legal content. For non-legal content, capture per guidance in Bibliographic references and citations.

Where Ibid.Latin, short for ibidem, meaning the same place. or Id. Latin , short for idem and eadem , "the same" is used to refer to a reference that appears earlier in a list of notes or references, capture it using xref within bibItem. The bibItem element containing the cross-reference must have the same attributes and attribute values as the target bibItem element.

The earlier reference may be an abbreviated reference, and therefore captured in an xref element. The target of the xref element containing Ibid. or Id. must be the same bibItem element as the target of the xref element containing the abbreviated reference.

On the full bibliographic citation (marked with typecode "IBT" in the manuscript), include span role="replace-ibid" around the text of the citation that Ibid replaces.

Sometimes a dash or several dashes are used instead of Id.. Treat these the same way.

If Id. (or one or more dashes) refers only to an author in an earlier reference, and not to an entire reference, do not use the cross-reference or span role="replace-ibid" markup.

4. <IBT>British Moralists, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, Library of Liberal Arts, 1964), vol. II</IBT>, p. 269.

5. British Moralists, vol. II, p. 269-275.

6. Ibid. p. 270.

7. Ibid. p. 275

Bibliographic reference followed by repeated incomplete reference and Ibid.


      <noteGroup>
        <note type="footnote" id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-note-4"><p>
 <enumerator>4.</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-4" class="book" title="British Moralists" editor="Selby-Bigge, L.A." publisher="Bobbs-Merrill, Library of Liberal Arts" place="New York" date="1964" vol="II" page="269">
                         <span role="replace-ibid">
                             <i>British
                  Moralists</i>, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, Library of Liberal
                Arts, 1964), vol. II</span>, p. 269.</bibItem></p><p/>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote" id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-note-5"><p>
 <enumerator>5.</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-5" class="book" title="British Moralists" editor="Selby-Bigge, L.A." publisher="Bobbs-Merrill, Library of Liberal Arts" place="New York" date="1964" vol="II" page="270">
                         <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-4">
                                 <i>British Moralists</i>, vol. II, p.
                  269-275.</xref>
                         </xrefGrp>
                     </bibItem></p><p/>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote" id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-note-6"><p>
 <enumerator>6.</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-6" class="book" title="British Moralists" editor="Selby-Bigge, L.A." publisher="Bobbs-Merrill, Library of Liberal Arts" place="New York" date="1964" vol="II" page="270">
                         <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-4">
                                 <i>Ibid.</i>
                             </xref>
                         </xrefGrp>, p.
              270.</bibItem></p><p/>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote" id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-note-7"><p>
 <enumerator>7.</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-7" class="book" title="British Moralists" editor="Selby-Bigge, L.A." publisher="Bobbs-Merrill, Library of Liberal Arts" place="New York" date="1964" vol="II" page="275">
                         <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="oso-0199260028-chapter-10-bibItem-4">
                                 <i>Ibid.</i>
                             </xref>
                         </xrefGrp>, p.
              275.</bibItem></p><p/>
        </note>
      </noteGroup>

1. <IBT>United States v. Martinez Fuerte, 428 U.S.</IBT> 543, 545 (1976).

2. Id. at 547.


      <noteGroup>
        <note id="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-note-1" type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>1.</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-bibItem-27" class="case-ref" party1="United States" party2="Martinez-Fuerte" idnumber="428 U.S. 543|428 U.S. 545" date="1976">
                         <span role="replace-ibid">United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428
                U.S.</span> 543, 545 (1976)</bibItem></p>
        </note>
        <note id="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-note-2" type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>2.</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-bibItem-28" class="case-ref" party1="United States" party2="Martinez-Fuerte" idnumber="428 U.S. 547" date="1976">
                         <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-bibItem-27">Id. at
                547.</xref>
                         </xrefGrp>
                     </bibItem></p>
        </note>
      </noteGroup>

1 <IBT>“Proclamations of Nathaniel Bacon,” VMHB 1 (1893–94)</IBT>, 55–61.

2 Ibid.

3 <IBT>William Sherwood, “Virginia’s Deploured Condition,” in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 9 (1871)</IBT>, 172–75.

4 Ibid.

5 Ibid, 175-77.

6 Ibid, 174-75.


      <noteGroup>
        <note type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>1</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-1" class="journalArticle" title="Proclamations of Nathaniel Bacon" journalName="VMHB" vol="1" date="1893" page="55" pageLast="61">
   <span role="replace-ibid">“Proclamations of Nathaniel Bacon,” VMHB 1 (1893–94)</span>,
              55–61. </bibItem></p>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>2</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-2" class="journalArticle" title="Proclamations of Nathaniel Bacon" journalName="VMHB" vol="1" date="1893" page="55" pageLast="61">
   <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-1">Ibid.</xref>
                         </xrefGrp>
 </bibItem></p>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>3</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-3" class="journalArticle" author="Sherwood, William" title="Virginia&#x2019;s Deploured Condition" journalName="Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society" vol="9" date="1871" page="172" pageLast="175">
   <span role="replace-ibid">William Sherwood, “Virginia’s Deploured Condition,” in
                Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 9
                (1871)</span>, 172–75. </bibItem></p>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>4</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-4" class="journalArticle" author="Sherwood, William" title="Virginia&#x2019;s Deploured Condition" journalName="Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society" vol="9" date="1871" page="172" pageLast="175">
   <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-3">Ibid.</xref>
                         </xrefGrp>
 </bibItem></p>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>5</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-5" class="journalArticle" author="Sherwood, William" title="Virginia&#x2019;s Deploured Condition" journalName="Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society" vol="9" date="1871" page="175" pageLast="177">
   <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-3">Ibid.</xref>
                         </xrefGrp>,
              175–77. </bibItem></p>
        </note>
        <note type="footnote"><p>
 <enumerator>6</enumerator>
 <bibItem id="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-6" class="journalArticle" author="Sherwood, William" title="Virginia&#x2019;s Deploured Condition" journalName="Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society" vol="9" date="1871" page="174" pageLast="175">
   <xrefGrp>
                             <xref ref="law-9780199694389-chapter-10-bibItem-3">Ibid.</xref>
                         </xrefGrp>,
              174–75. </bibItem></p>
        </note>
      </noteGroup>

Example use of - - - in place of Id.

In this example, the dashes refer only to the author of the earlier reference, so span role="replace-ibid" is not used.


      <bibItem id="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-bibItem-1" class="book" title="Pre-classical: From Crete to Archaic Greece, Harmondsworth" author="Boardman, J" date="1967" publisher="Pelican">
             <nameGrp mainName="Boardman" foreNames="J">Boardman,
          J</nameGrp>. (1967), Pre-classical: From Crete to Archaic Greece, Harmondsworth,
        Pelican.</bibItem>
      <bibItem id="law-ildc-06uk238-chapter-1-bibItem-28" class="book" title="Athenian Black Figure Vases" author="Boardman, J" date="1975" publisher="Thames and Hudson">- - - (1975), Athenian Black Figure Vases, London, Thames and
        Hudson.</bibItem>